大同市玉米秸�?/title>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=ZH-CN style='tab-interval:21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:30.6pt; mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode:char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:23.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:黑体'>大同市玉米秸�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:30.6pt; mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode:char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:23.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:黑体'>饲料加工利用技术模式的探索</span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:20.65pt; mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode:char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>大同市农机推广站：宋国平　冯常清　牛春�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:11.6pt; mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>当前农作物秸秆的综合利用问题已成为国际和国内关注的焦点，社会各界对此开展了多种多样的学术、技术等方面的活动。国家各部门出台的有关政策也对秸秆利用提出要求和给予了相应的政策倾斜。秸杆综合利用技术也列为农业�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>十五</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>期间重点推广的十项农机化技术之一。多年的实践证明，将秸秆机械加工成饲草、饲料，不仅解决农村养畜缺草问题，也从根本上解决了焚烧秸秆带来的环境污染问题。因此发展秸秆养畜已成为提高秸秆利用率、改善生态和促进可持续发展的重要手段�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、大同市秸秆资源利用现状</span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:25.5pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>大同市是农业传统的大市，玉米是当地主要农作物之一，年产干玉米秸秆</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>120</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨以上，秸秆资源十分丰富。自古就有利用秸秆作燃料，饲养家畜和沤制肥料等的习惯。随着社会的发展，人民生活水平的提高，农村生活用能结构发生了改变，生活用秸秆数量大幅度减少。化肥的大量使用在一定程度上降低了秸秆沤肥还田率。这些传统的秸秆利用方式逐渐被人们放弃，现代科学的秸秆利用方式和意识尚未建立起来，致使玉米秸秆出现大量剩余并直接导致露天焚烧，既污染了环境又浪费资源。据调查，我市秸秆利用方式所处理的秸秆量占秸秆总量的比例分别为：秸秆直接还田为</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>6.89%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，过腹还�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>11%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，农村生活用能和沤肥用的�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.11%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，秸秆综合利用率约为</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>20%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，剩余的</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>80%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的秸秆尚未利用，秸秆综合利用有较大的发展空间�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆的利用价�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆是玉米作物的重要副产品，同时也是工业、农业生产的重要生产资源。作为一种资源，秸秆含有丰富营养和可利用的化学成分（见表</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>），可用作燃烧、饲料、生活燃料及工副业生产的原料等，简�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>四料</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>�?/span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1:</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆化学成份�?/span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>%</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse; border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <tr style='height:37.45pt'> <td width=101 valign=top style='width:75.45pt;border:solid black .5pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=65 style='width:48.8pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>水分</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=77 style='width:57.85pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>粗蛋�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=80 style='width:60.15pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>粗脂�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=83 style='width:62.15pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>粗纤�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=78 style='width:58.7pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>无氮浸土�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.7pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-left:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 37.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>粗灰�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:33.45pt'> <td width=101 style='width:75.45pt;border:solid black .5pt;border-top:none; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=65 style='width:48.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>11.2<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=77 style='width:57.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height:33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3.5<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=80 style='width:60.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height:33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.8<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=83 style='width:62.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height:33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>33.4<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=78 style='width:58.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>45.7<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid black .5pt;border-right:solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height: 33.45pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>8.4<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆的肥料价�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:28.3pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆中含有大量的有机质、氮、磷、钾和微量元素，是农业生产重要的有机肥源之一。据测定，秸秆的秆、叶、根中含有的氮、磷、钾有机原料，据资料分析，每</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>100</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤鲜秸秆中含氮</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.48</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤，磷</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.38</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤，磷</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.38</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤，钾</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1.67</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤，相当于</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.4</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤氮肥�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3.8</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤磷肥�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3.4</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤钾肥。就大同而言�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>120</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨的秸秆所含的养分相当�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1.44</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨尿素�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.01</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨磷酸钙，</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.54</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨硫酸；秸秆通过综合利用作为肥料施入农田，是补充和平衡土壤养分，改良土壤的有效方法，对于促进土地生产良性循环，提高耕地基础地力和农业的可持续发展有重要的意义�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆的饲料价�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆也是牲畜的主要饲料之一。有据有关资料表明，玉米秸秆含有</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>30%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以上的碳水化合物�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2%�?%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的蛋白质�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.5�?%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的脂肪。玉米秸秆即可青贮、也可直接饲喂，就食草动物而言�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤的玉米秸秆增重净能相当于</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>公斤的玉米籽粒，特别是对玉米秸秆进行青贮、黄贮、氮化及糖化处理以后，都为上等的饲料，提高利用率，效益将要更可观。如黄贮饲料中含粗蛋�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3.85%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，粗脂肪</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.43%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，无氮浸出物</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.19%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，灰�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>5.99%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，水�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>51.92</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。全市每年生产玉米秸�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>120</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨，是一个巨大的潜在饲料来源，具有很大开发潜力，如把</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>120</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨的秸秆通过机械处理后转化为饲料、每年可增养</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>22</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万头牛或节约粮食</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>13.6</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨，还可产牛粪</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.18</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>亿吨，相当于硫酸�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>22.3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨，过磷酸�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>6.84</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨，硫酸钾</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>47.4</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>万吨。还可以对玉米秸秆进行精细加工处理制成高营养性牲畜饲料，发展秸秆畜牧业，实现秸秆过腹还田，具有良好的生态效益�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2.3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆的燃料和原料价�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆含碳量约�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>40%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>以上，具有燃料价值，</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>公斤秸秆可生�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>立方米以上的燃气，有</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3�?</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>立方米的秸秆气就可以够一个家庭一天的需要�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素三大部分组成，用农作物秸秆培养基可栽培多种食用菌�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:28.3pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>此外，秸秆还可成为制酒精、淀粉等化工的原料�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>3</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆直接饲用存在的问题</span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆虽然是很好的饲草资源，但存在以下问题：适口性差、采食量低。由于茎秆粗硬，且在消化道停留时间长，影响家畜食量。消化性差，植物在老化过程中、纤维素、半纤维素增多，并与同时增加的木质素结合，使厌氧微生物分泌的酶也难于分解，其消化率多�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>40%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以下。含氮量、有效能量低，秸秆的粗蛋白一般低�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，这也是造成采食量与消化率低的一大因素。为改善秸秆适用性、提高消化率、增加采食量，须采用机械及生化两种加工处理方式�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆饲料加工技术模�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆作为饲料饲喂牲畜是秸秆过腹还田的自然途径，也是秸秆饲料价值和肥料价值的重要体现。近几年，畜牧业的发展带动了对秸秆饲料的多样需求，也推动了秸秆饲料加工技术的进步。秸秆除了作为饲料饲喂外，还有物理、化学、生物等方面的多种饲料加工利用技术在实际中得以推广应用�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆侧切、揉搓加工技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆作为饲料最简单、实用的加工方法是物理处理，即侧切。民�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>流传着</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>寸草侧三刀，无料也上膘</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的谚语，很有科学性，这也是我市饲喂牲畜的最传统的一种方法，简单方便，但适口性、采食率、消化率等均不理想�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>　　揉切技术是一种理想的秸秆物理处理方法，就是应用挤丝柔碎机对秸秆的精细加工，使之成为柔软的丝状物，其质地松软，能提高牲畜的适口性、采食率和消化率。该项技术是我市今后重点推广项目�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、玉米秸秆青贮机械化新技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆青贮是一种生物处理技术方法之一，就是将腊熟期玉米通过青贮机械一次性完成摘穗、秸秆切碎，然后将切碎的秸秆即刻入窑，通过氨化和碱化后处理进行密封�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>经过</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>40</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ｄ的厌氧发酵，将秸秆中能被消化吸收的纤维素和不被吸收的木质素切断，从而提高秸秆的消化利用率，增加秸秆的粗蛋白含量。玉米秸秆青贮可消化的维生素、蛋白质、脂肪等含量丰富，气味酸甜芳香，消化率高，适口性好，能增进食欲，可供四季喂养。但传统的青贮技术存在着许多不足，饲料总损失量高达</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>30%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，并且由于饲料中存有霉味，会严重影响奶牛的采食�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>玉米秸秆青贮新技术，克服了传统青贮技术两大弊端，从而提高了青贮饲料的成品率和青贮饲料的品质。该技术具有很强的适用性，能为各种规模奶牛养殖场所用，还能实现青贮饲料的商品化�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.2.1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、新技术的工艺路线</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'>  <![if !vml]> <img width=526 height=196 src="%B4%F3%CD%AC%CA%D0%D3%F1%C3%D7%BD%D5%B8%D1%CB%C7%C1%CF%BC%D3%B9%A4%C0%FB%D3%C3%BC%BC%CA%F5%C4%A3%CA%BD%B5%C4%CC%BD%CB%F7.htm" v:shapes="_x0000_s1059 _x0000_s1060 _x0000_s1061 _x0000_s1062 _x0000_s1063 _x0000_s1064 _x0000_s1065 _x0000_s1066 _x0000_s1067 _x0000_s1068 _x0000_s1069 _x0000_s1070 _x0000_s1071 _x0000_s1072 _x0000_s1073 _x0000_s1074"> <![endif]>  <br style='mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=ALL> <span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <br style='mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=ALL> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.2.2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、新工艺的各个环节的技术要求：</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>适时收割：在不影响玉米产量的前提下，腊熟期有四片绿叶以上时收割，保证饲料的营养成分和秸秆的含水率（大约为</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>60%—�?0%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆揉搓：玉米秸秆的揉搓须用搓揉机对秸秆纵向压扁揉搓和侧切揉搓，能破坏秸秆表面的角质层和茎节。经搓揉的玉米秸秆饲料适口性大幅度增加，采食率可达</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>90%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以上�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>喷洒添加剂：为了降低秸秆在青贮过程中营养物质的损失，防止腐烂，保证和提高青贮饲料的质量，需添加青贮</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>加剂，以尽快降低</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>PH</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>值到</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>左右，抑制有害微生物，促进发酵，提高饲料的利用价值。添加剂分为无机酸、有机酸及其盐类、甲醛、活菌制剂和酶类五大类�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>压捆：经揉搓和喷洒添加剂后的秸秆须压实成捆，将物料间的空气排出，最大限度地降低秸秆的氧化。经压缩机压缩成的秸秆捆，容重为</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>500�?00kg/m<sup>3</sup></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，压缩率�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>40%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>左右�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>比较经济适用的机型：陕西生产�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>YD�?10</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>型饲草压捆机�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>密封，可用包膜机直接将草捆包膜密封，也可�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.1—�?.15mm</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>聚乙烯不透明塑料膜制成专用草捆袋将草捆装入并密封。包膜或套袋均是为了将草捆与外界空气相隔离，实现草捆的乳酸发酵达到秸秆的青贮目的。该项技术在我市应大力推广�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆压块饲料加工技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆压块饲料是将玉米秸秆铡切，混料后输入到秸秆压块成套设备，秸秆在无堵头的容器内进行压缩，通过搅拌，输送，偏心压辊，环形压模为秸秆增加压力，使其体积缩小，容积密度增加，在高压下产生高温由</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>生食</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>变为</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>熟食</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>便于储存和运输，采食率达</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>100%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。据鉴定这种饲料富含磷、铁、钙，粗蛋白含量</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>6%�?%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>；粗纤维含量</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>34%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，粗灰分低于</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>9%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，若用该种饲料喂养的奶牛产奶量提�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>16.4%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，牛奶内脂肪量增�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>0.2%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>；肥牛增肉率�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>15%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，生长加快，出栏周期缩短。该项技术可以在养殖示范区适当引进，并逐步推广�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.4</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆饲料氨化加工技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆饲料加工中最为实用的化学处理方法是氨化。秸秆的主要成分是半纤维，纤维素和木质素。半纤维和纤维素可以被草食家畜消化利用，木质素则不能。而秸秆中的纤维和半纤维素有一部分不能消化的木质素紧紧结合在一起，阻碍牲畜消化吸收。氨化的作用就是在于切断这种联系，把秸秆中可利用的营养解放出来。氨化法的处理剂有氨水、液氨、尿素等，用得最多的是尿素�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:1.1pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>4.4.1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆氨化技术具有如下优�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>氨化可提高秸秆的粗蛋白含量一倍以上。增加了秸秆的营养价值�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>氨化可提高秸秆消化率</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>20%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以上�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>氨化后的秸秆结构疏松，味道糊香，适口性好，家畜采食量可提�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>20%</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以上，对喂养牲畜起到良好的效果�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:28.3pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>用氨化秸秆喂牛、羊可减少精料，降低养殖成本，且使牛羊的增重速度加快，提高收入�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>氨化能杀死秸秆中的霉菌，有利于牲畜的健康和饲料存储�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>氨化技术工艺简单成本低可作为产业化生产�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.4.2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、玉米秸秆氨化技术路线：</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:28.3pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'>  <![if !vml]> <img width=620 height=197 src="%B4%F3%CD%AC%CA%D0%D3%F1%C3%D7%BD%D5%B8%D1%CB%C7%C1%CF%BC%D3%B9%A4%C0%FB%D3%C3%BC%BC%CA%F5%C4%A3%CA%BD%B5%C4%CC%BD%CB%F7.htm" v:shapes="_x0000_s1042 _x0000_s1043 _x0000_s1044 _x0000_s1045 _x0000_s1046 _x0000_s1047 _x0000_s1048 _x0000_s1049 _x0000_s1050 _x0000_s1051 _x0000_s1052 _x0000_s1053 _x0000_s1054 _x0000_s1055"> <![endif]>  <br style='mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=ALL> <span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <br style='mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=ALL> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.4.3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、玉米秸秆氨化法：堆垛氨化法、氨化炉法和窖池法�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>该项技术在我市奶牛养殖区应大力推广�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.5</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸秆微贮加工技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸杆微贮技术全称为秸秆微生物发酵贮存技术。其技术原理为，利用高效活性微生物复合菌剂，经溶解复活后，兑入一定浓度的盐水中，再喷洒到粉碎后的作物秸杆上，压实，严密覆盖，在厌氧状态下繁殖发酵。秸杆通过发酵后有利于提高牲畜对秸杆的适口性和消化率，增加对牲畜微生物蛋白质的供应量，从而达到增重的目的。该项技术在若干个养殖示范户作为试点，逐步推广�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>4.6</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、秸杆饲料热喷技�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>热喷是将粉碎后的秸杆投入压力罐内，经短时间低、中压蒸气处理，然后喷放，以改变其化学物理结构，成为优质饲料。经热喷处理后的秸杆饲料，粗蛋白含量有较大提高，消化吸收率也成倍增长。结合我市实际情况，将该技术适当引进，并选择几个养殖示范点进行试验并逐步推广�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>5</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、提高秸秆利用的思路和对�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>5.1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、政策引导，加大扶持力度</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:28.3pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>玉米秸杆利用技术是一项节本增效的农机化新技术，</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>而且是一项复杂的社会系统工段，涉及的部门多，学科多，层次多，需要政府的政策引导和资金的扶持，需要推广、科研和管理部门的密切配合，加大推广目前成熟的秸秆利用技术的力度，帮助农民改变秸秆利用方式，提高秸秆利用率�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>5.2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、创建秸秆示范基�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:34.0pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>建立秸秆饲草、饲料加工养殖基地。搞好秸秆加工利用的样板，按�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>基地</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>+</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>企业</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>+</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>技�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>+</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>农户</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的运营模式，以科技为依托，市场为导向，农机与农艺相结合、集示范、培训、加工、养殖为一体，并引进和开发适用秸秆利用的新技术和新机具，使农民一看便知，一学就会，一用就成功�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>傻瓜技�?/span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>�?/span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，变农民适应技术为技术适应农民，从而调动农民秸秆综合利用的积极性�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>5.3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、发展秸秆经�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.15pt;line-height:18.7pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>秸秆是一个大产业，按照产业化的方式在配合饲草饲料等深加工方面须形成规模进行企业化运作，形成秸秆产业。为此，我市各级推广部门把秸秆综合利用当作一个产业来抓，以农民增收为中心，变秸秆利用的生产活动为秸秆经营的经济活动�?/span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination:none;layout-grid-mode: char'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>大同市农业机械化技术推广站</b></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:226.75pt;line-height:20.65pt;mso-pagination: none;layout-grid-mode:char'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>二○○四年七月一�?/span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <SCRIPT> </SCRIPT> <SCRIPT>  </SCRIPT> </body> </html> ��